Izinto ezinamathelayo zezentengiselwano, njengezingqimba ezibalulekile zokwakha ekwenziweni kwemikhiqizo yesimanje yezimboni nomthengi, zinomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-supply chain, ukuphepha kwesitoreji, kanye{0}}nokuphelisa ukusebenza kokusetshenziswa. Ngokungafani namakhemikhali avamile noma imikhiqizo yabathengi, ukuphathwa kwezinto ezinamathelayo kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa isimo somzimba, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, ukuguquguquka kwemvelo, kanye nokuthobela imithetho. Le ndatshana ihlaziya ngokuhlelekile izici zelogistics namasu okuthuthukisa izinto zokunamathisela ezentengiselwano kusuka kumibono emine: idizayini yokupakisha, izimo zokuhamba, izidingo zesitoreji, nokulawulwa kwengozi.
1. Umthelela Wedizayini Yokupakisha Ekusebenzeni Kahle Kwezinto Zokusebenza
Ifomethi yokupakishwa kwezinamatheliso zezentengiselwano ixhumene kakhulu nokwenzeka kokusebenza kwazo. Izinketho zokupakisha ezivamile zihlanganisa izigubhu zensimbi ezivaliwe, iziqukathi zepulasitiki, izikhwama eziguquguqukayo, namathangi amakhulu okugcina inqwaba. Amafomu okunamathela ahlukene (isb, okuncibilikisiwe-okuncibilikisiwe, okuncibilikisa amanzi-okususelwe, nokushisayo-okuncibilika) anezidingo ezihluke kakhulu zokuhambisana kwezinto zokupakisha. Isibonelo, izinto ezinamathelayo ezincibilikisiwe{8}ezisekelwe ku-solvent zidinga ukugqwala{9}}izigubhu zensimbi ezinamathelayo ezingavimbeki ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza, kuyilapho imikhiqizo{10}esekelwe emanzini ingapakishwa ezitsheni zepulasitiki ze-HDPE ezingasindi ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yokuvala yokupakisha ithinta ngqo izinga lokuguquguquka kanye nengozi yokwelapha yezinto ezinamathelayo. Ukwehluleka ukuvala kungaholela ekuqineni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-adhesive noma ukuvuvuka kwe-solvent, kudale ingozi yokuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okuqinile kobuqotho bokupakishwa kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuhamba, neziqukathi{14}}ezinamavalvu okufakazela ukuvuza noma izigxivizo zesibili ziyakhethwa.
Ngokombono wezokuthutha, usayizi wokupakisha nesisindo kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kokunqwabelana kwempahla kanye namazinga okulayisha imoto yezokuthutha. Ukupakisha okujwayelekile (okufana nezigubhu ezingama-20L/200L) kusiza ukuphatha i-forklift kanye nokupakishwa kweziqukathi ezijwayelekile. Yize{4}}okungajwayelekile,{5}}ukupakishwa kwevolumu enkulu kunganciphisa imvamisa yokuthunyelwa ngakunye, kungase kwenyuse izindleko zokuhamba komhlaba noma ngendiza ngenxa yomthamo oweqile. Amanye ama-adhesives-enani eliphezulu{8}}engeziwe (njengama-electronic-okunamathelayo e-UV{10}}elaphayo) adinga ukushaqeka{11}}okumunca igwebu ulayini noma ukupakishwa kwevacuum ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubola noma ukuwohloka kokusebenza okubangelwa izinto zokuthutha ezinamanzi.
2. Izithiyo Zobuchwepheshe Ezimeni Zokuthutha
Ukuthuthwa kwe-adhesives kumele kuhambisane ngokuqinile nezakhiwo zabo zamakhemikhali kanye nezidingo zokuhambisana kwemvelo. Imikhiqizo esekelwe ezintweni ezincibilikayo ezivuthayo{{1}(njengama-acrylic) ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa njengezimpahla eziyingozi zeSigaba 3 ngaphansi kwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe yezokuthutha zasolwandle nezomoya (njenge-IMDG Code kanye ne-IATA DGR). Lokhu kudinga{4}izimpawu ze-UN{4}eziqinisekisiwe zokupakishwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi kanye nokuvutha, kanye nemikhawulo yomthamo wokulayisha{5}isitsha esisodwa nokuhlukaniswa kwesikhala. Nakuba amanzi{{7}asekelwe noma ancibilikayo{8}}izinto ezinamathelayo ezingenalutho ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengempahla evamile, zingaqandisa, zinciphise, noma zibonise i-viscosity engavamile ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa adlulele (isb., ngaphansi -ku-10℃noma ngaphezulu kwama-degree angu-40 ), okwenza izinto zokuhamba ezibandayo noma iziqukathi ezilawulwa izinga lokushisa zibaluleke.
Kuhlelo-lokuhamba kwemingcele, ukunemba kwezimemezelo zentela kanye ne-MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) kubalulekile. Amanye amazwe noma izifunda zibeka izilawuli zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ezithakweni ezithile zokunamathela (njenge-styrene{2}}equkethe ama-polymers). Abahlinzeki besevisi yezokuthutha kufanele baqinisekise imithetho yendawo okuyiwa kuyo kusenesikhathi ukuze bagweme ukubambezeleka kokukhishwa kwempahla ngenxa yezithako ezeqa izinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubungozi bokudlidliza kwezokuthutha obuthinta-ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinamatheliso zesakhiwo (njengama-epoxy resins) abunakwa. Ukufaka izisekelo ezivimbela{7}}ukudlidliza noma ukuthutha ebusuku ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza komgwaqo kungathuthukisa kakhulu isivuno somkhiqizo.
3. Ukuphathwa Okuningiliziwe Kwezimo Zokugcina
Ukugcinwa kwempahla kuyindawo ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza kweketango lezinto ezinamathelayo. Izinto ezinamathelayo eziningi ezithengiswayo kufanele zigcinwe endaweni ekhanyayo-enobufakazi,{2}}enomoya omuhle kanye nezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo kanye nomswakama. Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa elifanele lokugcina i-polyurethane adhesives liyi-5-25 degree, futhi umswakama ohlobene kufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-70%. Uma kungenjalo, ukumuncwa komswakama kungase kubangele ukuba i-ejenti elaphayo ingasebenzi. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-warehouse kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinto zokunamathisela oksijini (njengama-adhesives asheshayo) kufanele zigcinwe ngokuhlukana nezinto ezincishiswayo (njengezimpushana zensimbi) ukuvimbela ukusabela okungahlosiwe kanye nemililo.
Ukuze-isitoreji sevolumu enkulu, ukusetshenziswa{1}}kwezindawo eziphakeme zokubeka ama-bay racking kanye namasistimu okulawula izinga lokushisa okuzenzakalelayo kungathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo futhi kunciphise amaphutha okuphatha mathupha. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi impilo yeshalofu ye-adhesive ithintwa kakhulu yizimo zokugcina. Imikhiqizo ye-solvent engavulwa{4}ngokuvamile ineshalofu lesikhathi sezinyanga eziyi-12–24. Kodwa-ke, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kungasheshisa ukwenziwa kwe-polymerization kwezithako ezisebenzayo, okuholela ekwehleni kwamandla ebhondi ngaphezu kwama-30%. Ngakho-ke, isistimu yolwazi lwezokuthutha (i-WMS) kufanele iqaphe amaqoqo e-inventory kanye nezimpahla ezingenayo ngesikhathi sangempela, ibeke phambili ukunikezwa kwezimpahla lapho sekusondele usuku lwazo lokuphelelwa yisikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa.
4. Ukulawulwa Kobungozi kanye Namasu Okuhambisana
Ukulawulwa kobungozi kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezinto ezinamathelayo kufanele kufake ukukhiqizwa, ezokuthutha, kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina. Enhla ne-supply chain, abakhiqizi kufanele behlise okuqukethwe kwe-volatile organic compound (VOC) ngokuthuthukisa ukwakheka ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi zokungcoliswa komoya ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Izinkampani zeMidstream Logistics kufanele zinikeze abashayeli ukuqeqeshwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo zamakhemikhali ayingozi futhi zibahlomise ngamathuluzi okulawula ukuvuza okufana nokotini omuncayo kanye nezinqamuleli. Amakhasimende awela phansi kufanele anikeze impendulo mayelana nokudidayo kwesitoreji (okufana nezigubhu eziqhumayo nephunga) ukuze kube lula ukulandelelwa kwezinkinga ezingase zibe khona enqubweni yokuhlela.
Ngokombono wokuhambisana, i-EU REACH Regulation kanye ne-US TSCA Act ibeka imingcele eqinile ezintweni eziyingozi (njengama-phthalates nezinsimbi ezisindayo) kuma-adhesive. Abahlinzeki besevisi yezokuthutha kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi imibhalo yokuthumela nemibiko yokuhlola ihlangabezana nezidingo zezimakethe zabo eziqondiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziqhutshwa ukuthambekela kokusebenza okusimeme, ezinye izinkampani zisebenzisa ukupakishwa okungase kusetshenziswe kabusha noma izinto ezinamathelayo ezibolayo ukuze ziqhubeke nokunciphisa ubungozi bendawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza.
Isiphetho
Izici ze-logistics ze-adhesives zezohwebo ziwumfanekiso ophelele wezakhiwo zawo zamakhemikhali, ukuphathwa kobunjiniyela, nokuthobela imithetho. Ngokuthuthukisa idizayini yokupakisha, ngokuthuthukisa izimo zokuhamba, ukusebenzisa ukuphathwa kwesitoreji sesayensi, nokusebenzisa{1}}ukulawulwa kwezingcuphe kwezinqubo ezigcwele, izinkampani azikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinto kodwa futhi ziqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuphepha kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Ngokuzayo, ngokuhlanganiswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe bamakhemikhali aluhlaza kanye nezinhlelo zezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile, imodeli yezokuthutha yezinto ezinamathelayo ezithengiswayo izoqhubekela phambili ngokuguqukela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi.