Izinamatheliso zezentengiselwano ziyizakhiwo ezibalulekile zemboni yesimanje nempilo yansuku zonke. Ukuqina kanye nemvelo yesayensi yezinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza kuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuqina kokusebenza, nokufaneleka kohlelo lokusebenza. Kusukela ekukhethweni kwempahla eluhlaza ukuya ekupakishweni komkhiqizo ophelile, isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kwemingcele yobuchwepheshe nezimo zemvelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Lesi sihloko sichaza ngokuhlelekile inqubo yokukhiqiza eyinhloko yezinto ezinamathelayo zezentengiselwano, ehlanganisa izici ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe kanye nelogical yokulawula ikhwalithi yezinyathelo ezibalulekile.
1. I-Raw Material Pretreatment kanye Nomklamo Wokwakha
Ukusebenza kwezinamathiselo ezithengiswayo kusekelwe ngokuyisisekelo ekukhethweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nomklamo onembile wokwakheka kwazo. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa njengama-base ejenti (njengama-synthetic resins nama-polymers emvelo), ama-ejenti okwelapha (njengama-isocyanate nama-amine compounds), izigcwalisi (njenge-calcium carbonate ne-silica powder), kanye nezithasiselo (ezifana nama-thickeners nama-antioxidants). Ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa, izinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele zihlolwe ubumsulwa, kuhlaziywe usayizi wezinhlayiyana, nokuqinisekiswa kokuhambisana ukuze kususwe ukungcola noma izingxenye eziwohlokayo.
Idizayini yokuhlanganisa iyisiqalo senqubo. Izinkomba zokusebenza eziyinhloko-njengokumelana nezinga lokushisa ({7}}40℃kuya ku-200℃), amandla ebhondi (amandla okushear Amakhulu noma alingana no-5 MPa), isikhathi sokuphulukisa (5-amaminithi angu-30 ekamelweni lokushisa), kanye nezimfuneko zemvelo (Okuqukethwe kwe-VOC Ngaphansi noma okulingana no-50 g/L) -kumelwe kunqunywe ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-elekthronikhi, ingxenye yesakhiwo ukuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo, kanye ne-lamination yempahla yokupakisha). Ithimba le-R&D lisebenzisa idatha yokuhlola ukuze lilingise izici ze-rheological, ukwelapha i-kinetics yokusabela, kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu sesikhathi eside kwezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene zezinto ezingavuthiwe, ekugcineni kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka okujwayelekile.
2. Ukuxuba kanye Nokusabalalisa: Ukulawula Okubalulekile Kokufana
Ngemuva kokuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zengezwe ku-reactor ngokwesilinganiso esakhiwe, inqubo ewumongo-yokuxuba nokuhlakazwa{1}}iyalandela. Lesi sigaba sidinga-i-speed mixer (1000-3000 rpm) noma i-planetary mixer ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwesisekelo, i-ejenti yokwelapha, izigcwalisi, nezithasiselo. Kuzinto zokunamathela eziqukethe{11}}izigcwali eziphakeme kakhulu (isb., impushana yensimbi) noma izinhlayiya ezihlanganiswe kalula (isb, i-nano-silica), ukuxutshwa kwe-triaxial differential noma amasu okuhlakazeka kwe-ultrasonic kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ukukhubazeka kokusebenza okubangelwa ukuhlukahluka kwendawo (isb., ukuxhuma kusixhumi esibonakalayo sokuhlanganisa).
Phakathi nenqubo yokuxuba, izinguquko zezinga lokushisa kufanele ziqashelwe ngesikhathi sangempela (ngokuvamile zigcinwe phakathi kuka-25-}60℃) ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushisa kwasendaweni okungase kubangele ukusabela ngaphambi kwesikhathi (njengokuzenzela-i-polymerization yama-epoxy resins) noma ukulahlekelwa okuguquguqukayo okukhulu (njengokuncishiswa{4} kokunamathela okusebenzayo{4} ku-solvent). Okunye okunamathelayo okukhethekile (okufana nama-acrylates elapha ukukhanya) nawo adinga ukuxutshwa ngaphansi komkhathi ongasebenzi (i-nitrogen) ukuze kuvinjwe umoya-mpilo ekuvimbeni i-polymerization yamahhala.
3. Ukusabela kanye Nokwelapha: Izinyathelo Eziwumgogodla Zokwakhiwa Kokusebenza
I-adhesive exutshwe ngokulinganayo ingena ku-reactor ukuze kuhlanganiswe amakhemikhali noma ukulungiswa kwesimo somzimba. Kuzinto zokunamathela ze-thermosetting (njengama-phenolic resins nama-polyurethanes), ukufudumeza (80-150℃) kubangela ukufiphala noma ukungezwani kokusabela phakathi kwamaketanga e-molecular ukuze kwakheke isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ngezinto zokunamathisela ze-thermoplastic (njenge-polyvinyl acetal), ukuqiniswa kwe-morphological kufinyelelwa ngokuhwamuka kwe-solvent noma ukupholisa nokuphulukisa.
Isikhathi sokusabela kanye nezinga lokushisa kufanele lihambisane ngokuqinile nezidingo zokwakheka. Isibonelo, ukusabela okuphilisayo kokunamathelayo kwe-epoxy resin ngokuvamile kudinga ukugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa elingu-120℃imizuzu engu-30 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuminyana kwe-crosslink kuhlangabezana nezinga elishiwo. Igumbi-lokushisa{{5}okunamathelisa kwe-acrylic, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudinga ukusabela okunensayo okungu-25℃okungenani amahora angu-24 kusetshenziswa i-catalyst (njengenhlanganisela ye-organotin). Isigaba sokuguga (ukuma izinsuku ezingu-1-3 ngemva kokusabela) sithuthukisa ukujwayela kokuhlelwa kweketanga lamangqamuzana, sithuthukise ukuguquguquka nokumelana nokukhasa kwesendlalelo sokunamathela.
4. Thumela-Ukucubungula kanye Nokuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi
Ngemva kokusabela nokuguga, okunamathelayo kuthatha-izinyathelo zokucubungula ezinjengokuhlunga (ukunemba Ngaphansi noma okulingana no-5μm) kanye nokukhipha umoya (ukuhlanza -ku-0.09MPa imizuzu engu-30) ukuze kukhishwe izinhlayiya ezingaphenduliwe noma amabhamuza (okungabangela ingcindezi nokunciphisa ungqimba lwe-adhesive). Okunamathelisa uketshezi (njengama-silicone sealants) afakwa ngamapayipi emshinini wokugcwalisa othomathikhi wokupakisha umthamo (amashubhu angama-300ml/20kg izigubhu). Izinto ezinamathelayo eziqinile (njengezinti zokunamathela ezincibilika ngokushisa) zakhiwa i-extruder, zipholile, futhi zisikwe.
Imikhiqizo eqediwe kufanele ihlolwe ikhwalithi ephelele, okuhlanganisa:
•Izinto Ezingokoqobo: Amandla Ebhondi (I-Tensile/Shear Test), Ukuqina (Shore A), Ukuminyana (GB/T 4472 Standard);
•Ukuzinza Kwekhemikhali: Ukumelana Namanzi (i-80℃Kubiliswe Emanzini Amahora angu-24), Ukumelana Ne-solvent (Ukucwiliswa kwe-Ethanol Izinsuku Eziyisi-7), Ukumelana Nokuguga (Ukugcinwa Amandla Okukhulu noma okulingana no-80% ngemva Kwamahora angu-500 Wokushiswa kwe-UV);
•Ukuphepha: Okuqukethwe Kwe-Heavy Metal (Ukuhola Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-90 ppm), I-Formaldehyde Yamahhala ( Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-0.1 g/kg), Ukukhishwa Kwe-VOC (Ihambisana Nemikhawulo ye-GB 33372-2020).
5. Ukuphatha Ukupakisha Nokugcinwa
Izinamathiselo ezidlula ukuhlolwa kufanele zilebulwe ngenqwaba yokukhiqiza, impilo yeshalofu (izinyanga ezingu-6-24 ngokuvamile), izimo zokugcina (isb, zivikelwe ekukhanyeni, endaweni epholile, emnyama, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi noma elilingana namadigri angu-30 ), kanye nezici ezisebenzayo. Izinto zokupakisha kufanele zingabi namakhemikhali (isb., izigubhu zepulasitiki ze-HDPE, izikhwama ze-aluminium foil) ukuvimbela ukusabela ngokunamathela. Izindawo zesitoreji kufanele zilawule umswakama (Ngaphansi noma olingana no-60% RH) kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa (±5 degree). Ukuhlolwa kwendawo okuvamile kwenziwa ku-inventory ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imikhiqizo elethwa kumakhasimende ihlangabezana ngokuqhubekayo nezidingo zokuqala zedizayini.
Isiphetho
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yezinto ezinamathelayo zezentengiselwano ingumphumela wokwenza kahle ngokubambisana kuyo yonke imikhakha eminingi (ikhemikhali ye-polymer, ubunjiniyela bezinto ezibonakalayo, nokulawula ikhwalithi). Sonke isinyathelo esisuka ezintweni ezingavuthiwe siye emkhiqizweni oqediwe kufanele sishayelwe idatha-, sizuze ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza nezindleko ngokulawula ngokucophelela. Njengoba izimfuneko zezimboni zobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa ziqhubeka zikhula (njengokubopha okuphezulu-njengokubopha amandla amamojula ebhethri emoto yamandla amasha kanye ne-micron{4}}yeleveli yokunemba kwebhondi yokupakishwa kwe-semiconductor), izinqubo zokukhiqiza okunamathelayo zizoqhubeka nokuguqukela kokuluhlaza ({5}}okuphansi{5}}i-VOC), ukusebenza okwengeziwe (okuhlanganisiwe kagesi kanye ne-thermal conductivity), kanye{6} nezakhiwo ezihlakaniphile{6} ezihlakaniphile). Kodwa-ke, izinqubo ezizinzile eziyisisekelo zihlala ziyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sokusungula izinto ezintsha.